66 research outputs found

    Understanding the origin of the recovery of superconductivity in halogenated YBCO single crystal : atomic structure study

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    The recovery of superconductivity in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+y (YBCO) by exposure to bromine, iodine, chlorine and fluorine is a long-standing problem which has not been clearly resolved. The key question concerns the role of these halogens in the lattice. In order to shed light to this problem, we have performed multiple-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements about the Y K, Ba L3, I L3, Cu K and Br K-edges at room temperature on brominated (non-brominated) and iodinated (non-iodinated) YBCO single crystals. Our XAFS results at the Br K (brominated) and I L3 -edges (iodinated) reveal that bromine and iodine do not enter the perfect YBCO lattice. However, the XAFS fitting results at the Br K and I L3-edges reveal that Br and I do occupy the Cu(l) sites of the oxygen deficient YBCO in nanoclusters. From the polarized x-ray absorption near edge measurements (XANES) at the Cu K-edge, the nanoclusters were found to be randomly oriented with respect to the host crystal and with respect to the polarization vector

    Modélisation de la fatigue de contact dans les cùbles corrodés

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    Les cùbles métalliques des ouvrages d'art sont soumis à deux principales causes de dégradations (la fatigue et la corrosion) qui sont particuliÚrement néfastes au niveau des zones de contacts. Cette étude sur le comportement des fils d'acier tréfilés d'un cùble déjà corrodé à la fatigue de contact comporte un volet expérimental et un volet numérique. Les essais expérimentaux réalisés grùce à un dispositif d'essai particulier montrent que la corrosion a tendance à réduire la durée de vie d'un fil. Ce dispositif d'essais est à la base des modélisations numériques qui représentent le contact entre deux fils sains dans lequel la corrosion a été introduite sous forme d'un troisiÚme corps. Des calculs à la fatigue ont été réalisés à partir des modÚles sans corrosion isotropes avec ou sans frottement et du modÚle anisotrope, ce dernier permet d'obtenir des résultats numériques qui semblent en accord avec l'expérimental

    Damage assessment of pre-stressed structures: A SVD-based approach to deal with time-varying loading

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    International audienceVibration-based methods are well-established and effective tools to assess the health state of civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering structures. However, their reliability is still affected by the variability of the features commonly used for damage detection. Environmental effects and changes in operational conditions are the main sources of variability in the structural response. As a consequence, the modal identification used to extract damage sensitive features has to face constricting requirements in terms of signals stationarity and performance accuracy. Moreover, with reference to the damage assessment, large variations of monitored features mask subtle effects due to damage, which remain undetected. This study is conceived to address both these issues by focusing, in particular, on the non-stationarity of the loading conditions of tensioned structures, such as cables and pre-stressed beams. The capability of spectral methods to deal with the modal identification of non-stationary systems is enhanced by a curve-fitting procedure based on nonlinear least squares optimization. Wavelet analysis is applied for comparison and validation of the FFT-based technique. Identified natural frequencies are then used for the damage detection, exploiting the capacity of singular values decomposition to discriminate between damage-related events and the intrinsic non-stationary nature of the structural response. A reduced-order realization of the features set is performed to amplify changes not belonging to measurement variability but deriving from exogenous events, such as damage. The proposed methodology is validated by experimental analyses carried out on beams subjected to time-varying loading conditions in order to simulate the health monitoring of quasi and non-stationary systems

    Propagation d'une fissure par fatigue dans un fil de cĂąble d'haubannage

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    Les cùbles du Génie Civil sont soumis à des sollicitations qui conduisent à deux principales causes de dégradations : la fatigue et la corrosion. On s'intéresse ici à la propagation d'une fissure dans un fil d'acier entaillé soumis à la fatigue. Cette étude est composée d'une partie expérimentale et d'une partie numérique. La propagation de fissure obtenue expérimentalement a été comparée à la loi de Paris. Les contraintes en fond de fissure ont été obtenues par la méthode des éléments finis

    Impacts de l’utilisation des eaux polluĂ©es en agriculture urbaine sur la qualitĂ© de la nappe de Dakar (SĂ©nĂ©gal)

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    L’agriculture urbaine de la rĂ©gion de Dakar est un secteur en plein essor. À cause de la salinisation progressive des eaux de la nappe peu profonde (eaux de CĂ©anes ), des eaux usĂ©es brutes sont utilisĂ©es pour irriguer les champs. L’objectif de notre Ă©tude est d’évaluer la qualitĂ© chimique et microbiologique des eaux de la nappe sous-jacentes aux champs irriguĂ©s et d’identifier les sources de pollution. Notre travail a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© dans les sites de Pikine et de Patte d’Oie.L’analyse de la qualitĂ© chimique des eaux d’arrosage a montrĂ© qu’à Pikine, la conductivitĂ© des eaux de CĂ©anes est plus Ă©levĂ©e (4822±2411 ”S cm-1) par rapport Ă  celle des eaux usĂ©es (3579±1242 ”S cm-1 ; p<0.04). Par contre Ă  Patte d’Oie, les eaux d’arrosage sont moins salĂ©es (<3000 ”S cm-1). La quantitĂ© d’azote total de tous les types d’eaux d’arrosage est supĂ©rieure Ă  la valeur guide de l’OMS (5-30 mg l-1).Salmonella spp. a Ă©tĂ© isolĂ©e dans 35 % des eaux d’arrosage. Un Ă©chantillon d’eaux usĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© positif pour Vibrio cholerae.L’impact des eaux d’irrigation sur la qualitĂ© chimique et microbiologique de la nappe d’eau souterraine est fortement influencĂ© par la pluviomĂ©trie et est diffĂ©rent selon le site considĂ©rĂ©.Ce travail a montrĂ© que l’irrigation avec les eaux polluĂ©es et l’usage de fumiers organiques peut altĂ©rer la qualitĂ© de la nappe et constituer des risques pour la santĂ©.In Dakar capital city of Senegal, the urban agriculture is in high expansion. Since the progressive increase of salinity in the local groundwater (CĂ©anes water), raw wastewater is used to water the crops. The objective of this study is to assess chemical and microbiological quality of the groundwater underlying the irrigated plots and to identify the sources of pollution. This work was carried out in the sites of Pikine and Patte d’Oie in Dakar Senegal.Chemical analysis of irrigation water showed that in Pikine, the conductivity of CĂ©anes water was higher (4822±2411 ”S cm-1) than those of the wastewater (3579±1242 ”S cm-1 ; p<0.04), while at Patte d’Oie it was less salted (<3000 ”S cm-1). The quantity of total nitrogen of irrigation water in both sites was higher than the WHO’s threshold (5-30 mg l-1).Salmonella spp. was isolated in 35 % of the irrigation water. One wastewater sample was Vibrio cholerae positive.The impact of irrigation water on the chemical and microbiological quality of the groundwater is strongly influenced by precipitations and is different according to the site considered.This work showed that the use of polluted water and organic manures can spoil the quality of the groundwater and constitute a health threat.Urban agricultur

    Le pneumothorax spontanĂ© comme une manifestation Ă©volutive de la polyarthrite rhumatoide: Ă  propos d’une observation clinique et revue de la litterature

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    La polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde est une maladie systĂ©mique inflammatoire caractĂ©risĂ©e par une destruction des synoviales articulaires et des lĂ©sions systĂ©miques extra articulaires. Les nodules pulmonaires font partie de ces derniĂšres. Leur Ă©volution peut aboutir Ă  un pneumothorax spontanĂ©. Nous rapportons le cas d'un adulte jeune au long passĂ© de polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde qui a prĂ©sentĂ© deux Ă©pisodes de pneumothorax spontanĂ©. Il Ă©tait admis dans notre service, en urgence, pour un pneumothorax droit spontanĂ© et massif sur terrain de polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde au stade de dĂ©formation. Il Ă©tait sous mĂ©thotrexate. La radiographie standard du thorax et la tomodensitomĂ©trie montraient un dĂ©collement pleural complet droit, des nodules et des images excavĂ©es sur les deux champs pulmonaires. Il a bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d'un drainage thoracique aspiratif permettant une bonne rĂ©-expansion pulmonaire. Le pneumothorax spontanĂ© constitue une manifestation rare des lĂ©sions pulmonaire de la polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde. Il s'agit le plus souvent d'une manifestation Ă©volutive de la maladie mais aussi une circonstance de dĂ©couverte de cette derniĂšre. L'implication des immunosuppresseurs reste Ă  ĂȘtre prouvĂ©e. Ainsi la polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde doit ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©e dans la recherche Ă©tiologique d'un pneumothorax spontanĂ©.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

    Multivariate bias‐correction of high‐resolution regional climate change simulations for West Africa: performance and climate change implications

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    A multivariate bias correction based on N‐dimensional probability density function transform (MBCn) technique is applied to four different high‐resolution regional climate change simulations and key meteorological variables, namely precipitation, mean near‐surface air temperature, near‐surface maximum air temperature, near‐surface minimum air temperature, surface downwelling solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed. The impact of bias‐correction on the historical (1980–2005) period, the inter‐variable relationships, and the measures of spatio‐temporal consistency are investigated. The focus is on the discrepancies between the original and the bias‐corrected results over five agro‐ecological zones. We also evaluate relevant indices for agricultural applications such as climate extreme indices, under current and future (2020–2050) climate change conditions based on the RCP4.5. Results show that MBCn successfully corrects the seasonal biases in spatial patterns and intensities for all variables, their intervariable correlation, and the distributions of most of the analyzed variables. Relatively large bias reductions during the historical period give indication of possible benefits of MBCn when applied to future scenarios. Although the four regional climate models do not agree on the same positive/negative sign of the change of the seven climate variables for all grid points, the model ensemble mean shows a statistically significant change in rainfall, relative humidity in the Northern zone and wind speed in the Coastal zone of West Africa and increasing maximum summer temperature up to 2°C in the Sahara

    Dilatation aigue de l’estomac: à propos de 02 cas et revue de la literature

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    La dilatation aiguë de l'estomac est une pathologie rare. Elle est classiquement observée en psychiatrie dans les troubles du comportement alimentaire. Le diagnostic préopératoire est difficile et fait appel à la radiologie. La mortalité liée aux complications varie entre 80% et 100%. Nous rapportons 2cas de dilatation aiguë de l'estomac prises en charge au service de Chirurgie Générale de l'HÎpital Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar dont l'une était compliquée de nécrose et l'autre d'une rupture gastrique. Il s'agissait de 2 patients dont l'un était de sexe masculin ùgé de 32 ans et l'autre de sexe féminin ùgée de 36 ans. Ils étaient reçus dans un tableau de douleurs abdominales aiguës et un état de collapsus cardiovasculaire. L'examen avait retrouvé un syndrome d'irritation péritonéale chez les 2 patients. A la biologie, on notait une anémie chez tous les patients. A la radiographie de l'abdomen sans préparation, on notait un pneumopéritoine massif chez le patient et un gros niveau hydro-aérique chez la patiente. Le diagnostic préopératoire était une péritonite par perforation d'organe creux chez le patient et une occlusion intestinale aiguë chez la patiente. AprÚs une réanimation, la laparotomie avait permis de retrouver une dilatation énorme de l'estomac avec une large rupture au niveau de la petite courbure chez le patient et une dilatation importante de l'estomac avec une nécrose du fundus chez la patiente. Une suture de la petite courbure était réalisée chez le patient et une gastrectomie atypique fundique chez la patiente. Les suites opératoires étaient marquées par un décÚs chez le patient au deuxiÚme jour post-opératoire et une sténose gastrique chez la patiente nécessitant une gastrectomie totale.La dilatation aiguë de l'estomac est une pathologie rare. Son diagnostic aux urgences est difficile car les signes ne sont pas spécifiques. Les formes compliquées donnent un tableau d'abdomen chirurgical aigu. L'exploration chirurgicale pose le diagnostic. Le traitement des complications va de la suture à la gastrectomie. La mortalité dans les formes compliquées est élevée.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

    Multivariate Bias‐Correction of High‐Resolution Regional Climate Change Simulations for West Africa: Performance and Climate Change Implications

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    A multivariate bias correction based on N-dimensional probability density function transform (MBCn) technique is applied to four different high-resolution regional climate change simulations and key meteorological variables, namely precipitation, mean near-surface air temperature, near-surface maximum air temperature, near-surface minimum air temperature, surface downwelling solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed. The impact of bias-correction on the historical (1980–2005) period, the inter-variable relationships, and the measures of spatio-temporal consistency are investigated. The focus is on the discrepancies between the original and the bias-corrected results over five agro-ecological zones. We also evaluate relevant indices for agricultural applications such as climate extreme indices, under current and future (2020–2050) climate change conditions based on the RCP4.5. Results show that MBCn successfully corrects the seasonal biases in spatial patterns and intensities for all variables, their intervariable correlation, and the distributions of most of the analyzed variables. Relatively large bias reductions during the historical period give indication of possible benefits of MBCn when applied to future scenarios. Although the four regional climate models do not agree on the same positive/negative sign of the change of the seven climate variables for all grid points, the model ensemble mean shows a statistically significant change in rainfall, relative humidity in the Northern zone and wind speed in the Coastal zone of West Africa and increasing maximum summer temperature up to 2°C in the Sahara

    Observation of Changes in the Atomic and Electronic Structure of Single-Crystal YBa₂Cu₃O₆.₆ Accompanying Bromination

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    To ascertain the role of bromination in the recovery of superconductivity in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+y (YBCO), we have performed polarized multiple-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements on normal (y~0.6) and brominated (Br/Cu~1/30, y~0.6) single crystals with superconducting transitions at 63 and 89 K, respectively. The brominated sample becomes strongly heterogeneous on an atomic length scale. Approximately one-third of YBCO is locally decomposed yet incorporated as a well-ordered host lattice as nanoscale regions. The decomposed phase consists of heavily distorted domains with an order not following that of the host lattice. Structurally, these domains are fragments of the YBCO lattice that are discontinued along the Cu(1)-O(1) containing planes. The local structure is consistent with the cluster expansions: Y-O(2,3)8-Cu(2)8-..., Ba-O8-Cu(2)4Cu(1)2-..., and Cu-O4... about the Y, Ba, and Cu sites. Interatomic distances and Debye-Waller factors for the expansions were determined from fits to Y K-, Ba L3-, and Cu K-edge XAFS data at room temperature. Br K-edge data reveal that Br does not enter substitutionally or interstitially into the perfect YBCO lattice. However, Br does occupy the Cu(1) sites in a nanofragment of the YBCO lattice, forming Br-O(4)-Ba-Cu2(1)Cu(2)-... nanoclusters. From polarized measurements these nanoclusters were found to be almost randomly oriented with respect to the host crystal, and probably are the nucleus of the decomposed phase. This heterogeneity brings about the unusual structural and electronic properties of the normal state previously reported in the literature. Implications on for diffraction, transport, and magnetization measurements are discussed
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